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Fouth letter of the alphabet of the Latin alphabet

D
D d
(See below)

Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Blazon	Alphabetic
Language of origin	Latin linguistic communication
Phonetic usage	[d] [t] [ɗ] [z~j] [ⁿd] [ɖ]
Unicode codepoint	`U+0044, U+0064`
Alphabetical position	4 Numerical value: 4
History
Evolution	Δ δ 𐌃 D d
Time menstruum	~-700 to present
Descendants	Ď ǅ ǲ Đ Ð Ƌ Ꭰ ₫ ∂
Sisters	Д (ד د ܕ) Դ դ Ꭰ Ꮫ ደ
Variations	(See beneath)
Other
Other letters unremarkably used with	d(ten)
Associated numbers	4
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, encounter Assistance:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

D, or d, is the quaternary letter of the modern English language alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is dee (pronounced ), plural dees.^[1]

History

Egyptian hieroglyph door, fish	Phoenician daleth	Greek Delta	Etruscan D	Latin D

The Semitic letter Dāleth may take adult from the logogram for a fish or a door.^[2] There are many different Egyptian hieroglyphs that might accept inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek and Latin, the alphabetic character represented /d/; in the Etruscan alphabet the letter was superfluous but still retained (meet letter B). The equivalent Greek letter is Delta, Δ.

Architecture

The minuscule (lower-instance) form of 'd' consists of a lower-story left bowl and a stem ascender. It adult by gradual variations on the capital (capital) course 'D', composed of a stalk with a full lobe to the right. In handwriting, it was common to offset the arc to the left of the vertical stroke, resulting in a serif at the peak of the arc. This serif was extended while the residuum of the letter was reduced, resulting in an angled stroke and loop. The angled stroke slowly developed into a vertical stroke.

Use in writing systems

In near languages that use the Latin alphabet, and in the International Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨d⟩ generally represents the voiced alveolar or voiced dental plosive /d/. However, in the Vietnamese alphabet, it represents the sound /z/ in northern dialects or /j/ in southern dialects. (See D with stroke and Dz (digraph).) In Fijian it represents a prenasalized cease /nd/.^[3] In some languages where voiceless unaspirated stops contrast with voiceless aspirated stops, ⟨d⟩ represents an unaspirated /t/, while ⟨t⟩ represents an aspirated /tʰ/. Examples of such languages include Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic, Navajo and the Pinyin transliteration of Mandarin.

Other uses

The Roman numeral D represents the number 500.^[four]
D is the grade beneath C just above E in the school grading system.
D is the International vehicle registration code for Frg (see also .de).
In Cantonese: Because the lack of Unicode CJK back up in the early computer system, many Hong Kongers and Singaporeans used the capitalized D to represent 啲 (lit. a fiddling).
d. is the standard abridgement for the Penny (British pre-decimal coin) (from Latin: denarius)

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

Ɖ ɖ : African D
Ð ð : Latin letter Eth
D with diacritics: Đ đ Ꟈ ꟈ^[5] Ɗ ɗ Ḋ ḋ Ḍ ḍ Ḑ ḑ Ḓ ḓ Ď ď Ḏ ḏ ᵭ^[6] ᶁ^[vii] ᶑ^[7]
IPA-specific symbols related to D: ɖ
Ꝺ ꝺ : Insular D is used in various phonetic contexts^[eight]
ᴅ ^D ^d : Pocket-sized capital D and diverse modifier letters are used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.^[9]
ȡ : D with scroll is used in Sino-Tibetanist linguistics^[10]
Ƌ ƌ : D with topbar

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

𐤃 : Semitic letter of the alphabet Dalet, from which the following symbols originally derive
- Δ δ : Greek letter Delta, from which the following symbols originally derive
  - Ⲇ ⲇ : Coptic letter Delta
  - Д д : Cyrillic letter De
  - 𐌃 : Old Italic D, the ancestor of mod Latin D
    - ᛞ : Runic letter dagaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic D
    - ᚦ Runic alphabetic character thurisaz, another possible descendant of Onetime Italic D
  - 𐌳 : Gothic letter daaz, which derives from Greek Delta

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

₫ : Đồng sign
∂ : the partial derivative symbol, $\fractional$

Computing codes

Character information
Preview	D		d
Unicode name	LATIN Uppercase Letter D		LATIN Pocket-sized LETTER D
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	68	U+0044	100	U+0064
UTF-viii	68	44	100	64
Numeric character reference	D	D	d	d
EBCDIC family	196	C4	132	84
ASCII ¹	68	44	100	64

¹ Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

In British Sign Linguistic communication (BSL), the letter of the alphabet 'd' is indicated past signing with the right hand held with the index and thumb extended and slightly curved, and the tip of the thumb and finger held against the extended index of the left hand.

References

^ "D" Oxford English language Dictionary, 2d edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Linguistic communication, Unabridged (1993); "dee", op. cit.
^ "The letter D". issuu . Retrieved 2021-07-06 .
^ Lynch, John (1998). Pacific languages: an introduction. University of Hawaii Press. p. 97. ISBN0-8248-1898-9.
^ Gordon, Arthur E. (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy . University of California Press. pp. 44. ISBN9780520038981 . Retrieved 3 October 2015. roman numerals.
^ Everson, Michael; Lilley, Chris (2019-05-26). "L2/xix-179: Proposal for the add-on of 4 Latin characters for Gaulish" (PDF).
^ Constable, Peter (2003-09-thirty). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Centre Tilde in the UCS" (PDF).
^ ^a ^b Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add together additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).
^ Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add together Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF).
^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-twenty). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF).
^ Cook, Richard; Everson, Michael (2001-09-20). "L2/01-347: Proposal to add 6 phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).